Vaporizing device



July-27,1926. 5 1,593,575

' K. D. HOLLAND VAPORIZING DEVICE Filed Sept. 10; 1921 A... m 0v 2 Q 0 &m7 5 5 m \\WV/w E l MM b wmwhi' 2 Patented July 27, 1926.

hairs are KIRK D. I-IQLLAND, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

VA PORIZING DEVICE.

Apphcet on filed Sept ber lily invention relates to a device designed toproduce in the highest degree possible C mp et ve at lizat eni f th hear hydrocarbon elements of the fuel mintur'e used in explosive engines.The ordinary commercial gasoline noW sold for use as fuel for automobileengines contains a larger percentage of the .h a ie hydro a b ns ha tharmerly used, and ith the terms of ea bur ter gene ally use these ihe rer con tituents ar not leoinp ete 'y e at li e l, bu in part p s fromthe .Qa h te in e' t e. i ak mani eld and yl hj o h e g e i th form emin te iq id part le which are but partially and im'perteetly consumedin the process of combustion, the unconsu ned portion collecting on thecylinder walls a d dil ting h lub ng Qil an the imperte t y co sumed p rio g ng rise to the production of carbon, with a resultant smoky exhaustand the formation of deposits of carbon at the valve seats and otherparts of the engine in and adjaeent to the exp e en chamb of e engine-'My p esent vapor ng i eiee. may be reg rded a a m ific n andimprovement or the device described in my arl applica i n 15 pa en filedJ n a y l1;. S a Num e 3.59;.43, an l ke ha evic de ig' e tohe n erpesedin the rak p' ssage o li the en ne between the carburcter and the'intakc ma old. My invention'has for objects in View theproduction andperfecting of such a device to the highest state of perfection andeiliciency in vaporizing the liquid particles of the earbureted mixtureWithoutheating the portion of the charge already vaporized, and in theinitiation of the vaporizing action of the device and the eiiicientvaporization of such particles as speedily as possible after the enginebegins running. In the appended claims I have pointed out moreparticularly the essential elements of my invention, it being understoodthat certain Variations and modifications in the arrangement andconstruction of the members and elements recited are possible Without.departurefrom the spirit and substance of my invention.

In the accompanying drawing, illustrating my invention in a preferredform, Fig. l is a central vertical section of the device, showingadjacent portions ofthe associated carburcter and intake manifold of anex- 10, 1921. Serial No. 499,647.

plosive engine between which it is intended to be interposed, and Fig. 2is a top view of the deflecting blades for producing a spiral motion inthe stream of carbureted mixture passing through the device.

The same reference characters indicate the same parts in both figures ofthe drawing.

For convenience of manufacture, the one of my novel vaperizing' deviceis formed in two members, an outer base memher 1, adapted to'be securedby bolts '2 or other suitable means tothe upper portion of theearbureteriB of usual or suitable construction, and an upper and innermember 42 enclosing the central vaporizing chamber or the device and.having'at thebottom an ension which makes screw-threaded eneinent witha central seat formed in the bot om Wall of the base member. The innermember, it Wili'be noticed, is formed with shoulder bearing upon theadjacent top face of the base, t c joint 5 between the .tWo parts beingsufficiently close to be substantially vapor tight. Below the joint 5the base member is extended or curved outwardly to form the outer Wallof an annular heating chamber 6, which, through the tubular boss 7 ofthe casing memberl and a connecting pipe 8, is cemmunication with theexhaust manifold (not shown) of the engine. Diametrically opposite theboss ,7, the base member of the casing is formed with an outlet 8, thisoutlet preferably being connected by a pipe 9 with a muflier (notshown), as in the device of my previous application above mentioned.

Above the joint 5 the Wall of the upper casing member l is relativelythick, and at the top it is adapted to be secured to the intake manifold10 ofthe engine, in the present instance a bolting flange 11 surroundingthe outlet from the central chamber being forned at the top of thedevice, which flange is adapted to be secured to a bolting flange at thebase of the man old. Below the joint 5 a portion 12 or" the inner memberwhich forms the inner Wall of the heating chamberjtl is turned down tomake it as thin'as is compatible with a proper degree ofstrength. ThisWall 12 is continuous with an annular screw-threaded block 13 whichconstitutes the lower extension ot the inner member 4 of the casing. Thecentral orifice of the block 13 is formed with 'a seat to receive atubular deflector support ll which extends upwardly into the centralchamber of the device to about the upper level of the annular heatingchamber (5. Secured in the upper end the support l-l in the presentinstance by a spring ring 1. seated in an internal groove in thedeflector support, is a deflector 16 having radiating, obliquelydisposed fan-shaped blades arranged to impart a whirling or spiralmotion to the stream of carbureted mixture passing from the carbureterto the intake manifold.

lVtih the construction and arrangement of the parts of my device abovedescribed it will readily be understood that the thin lower part of thewall of the central chamber of the device will almost immediately becomeheated by exhaust gases passing through the heating chamber 6 as soon asthe engine begins functioning, while the wall above the level of theheated zone so formed will remain cool. The deflector will impart awhirling or spiral movement to the carbureted mixture, and the heavierliquid particles of the stream will tend to fly upwardly and outwardlythrough the gasifled portion, due to their greater weight andcentrifugal motion. The result will be a winnowing or separating effectupon the liquid particles causing them to fly outwardly and upwardly andimpinge upon the inner face of the relatively cool unheated zone at theupper side of the central chamber in the member 4-, where they willcollect and drain downwardly to the heated lower portion of the wall andbe volatilized and then be in condition to be drawn into'the streamentering from the carbureter. That portion of the carbureted mixturealready completely gasilied upon its entrance into the central chamberwill pass directly from the deflector member to the outlet of thedevice, since it is directly and instantaneously subject to pressureconditions and influence, and as fast as they are formed and drawn intothe stream the same will be true of the gases resulting from thevaporization of the liquid particles. It will be observed that theheating chamber does not extend inwardly at the bottom of the centralchamber into proximity with the deflector support, and the lattertherefore is out of effective heat-conductive relation with such heatingchamber.

The heat of the chamber 6 is therefore applied only to vaporize theliquid particles of the charge, and since much of this heat becomeslatent in producing the change of the particles from a liquid toagaseous state, the temperature of the mixture passing to the intakemanifold and engine cylinders is raised to a minimum degree, and itsvolumetric eficiency is not materially impaired.

Furthermore, my device is of such construction that its action isconducive to ease and certainty of operation in starting a cold engine,even though a ,:ousiderable proportion of kerosene or other relativelyheavy hydrocarbons are present in the fuel. This will be understood whenit is considered that in starting an engine, a very rich mixture isalways employed (through manipulation of the choker button, o otherwise)and this over rich mixture frequently contains such a quantity ofatomized, but not vaporized, gasoline and kerosene, particularly thelatter, that the spark plugs and cylinder are flooded with it, so thatignition is prevented. lVhen my novel vapor izing device is employed,the liquid particles are winnowed out and collect in the lower annularportion of the central chamber of the device around the deflectorsupport l i, which thus constitutes a collecting chamber of amplecapacity to receive the unvaporized portion of the carbureted n'iixture.Only the vaporized portion of the charge passes to the engine cylinderand is employed in starting the engine, and it is only this part thatcan be consumed. The evil effects of the liquid particles in preventingstarting of the engine, as well as in other respects before explained,are thus avoided. As soon as the engine begins running the heat in thechamber 6 acts to vaporize the accumulation of liquid fuel, and thedevice functions as before explained.

I claim:

1. A vaporizing device for hydrocarbon engines comprising a casingformed with a central chamber having at its stop an outlet communicatingwith the intake passage of the engine and having at its bottom an inletin alignment with said outlet and communicating with the carbureter,said chamber be ing enlarged and unobstructed between said inlet andoutlet and having an unheated upper zone and a heated lower zone and thewall of the chamber at said unheated zone having its outer surfaceexposed to the atn'iosphere, and helically inclined deflector blades insaid inlet arranged to produce a spirally moving column of carburctedmixture extending directly from said inlet to said outlet.

2. A vaporizing device for l'iydrocarbou engines comprising a casingformed with a central chamber having at its top an outlet communicatingwith the intake passage of the engine, said chamber being enlarged andunobstructed between said inlet and outlet and having an unheated upperzone and a heated lower zone, a tubular deflector support extending intosaid chamber and having an inlet passage communicating with thecarburcter, and a deflecting device arranged in said inlet passage, saiddeflector being arranged to impart a spiral motion to the stream ofcarbureted mixture.

3. rvaporizing device for hydrocarbon engines comprising a casing formedwith a central chamber having at its'top an outlet communicating withthe intake passage of the engine, said chamber having an unheated upperzone and a heated lower zone, a tubular deflector support extendingupwardly into said chamber to a plane adjacent the line between theheated and unheated zones of such chamber, and a defleeting devicesecured in said support at the top thereof and having blades arranged toimpart a spiral motion to the stream of carbureted mixture.

A. A vaporizing device for hydrocarbon engines comprising a casingformed with a central chamber having at its top an outlet communicatingwith the intake passage of the engine and having at its bottom an inletcommunicating with the carbureter, said chamber being enlarged andunobstructed between said inlet and outlet and said casing being alsoformed with an annular heating chamber surrounding the lower portiononly of said central chamber and in communication with the exhaustpassage of the engine, the casing wall around said central chamber abovesaid annular heating chamber having its outer surface exposed to theatmosphere, and helically inclined deflector blades in said inletarranged to produce a spiral column of carbureted mixture extendingdirectly from said inlet to said outlet.

5. A vaporizing device for hydrocarbon engines comprising a casingforming with a central chamber having'at its top an outlet communicatingwith the intake passage of the engine and also formed with an an nularheating chamber surrounding the outer lower portion only of said centralchamber, said heating chamber being in commimication with the exhaustpassage of the engine, and a tubular deflector support extending intosaid central chamber concentrically of said heating chamber and out ofeffective heat-conductive relation therewith, said support having aninlet passage communicating with the carbureter and being equipped withobliquely set deflector blades.

6. A vaporizing device for hydrocarbon engines comprising a casingformed with a central chamber having at its top an outlet communicatingwith the intake passage of the engine and also formed with an annularheating chamber surrounding the outer lower portion only of said centralchamber, said heating chamber being in communication with the exhaustpassage of the engine, and a tubular deflector support extending intosaid central chamber concentrically of said heating chamber and out 01effective heat-conductive relation therewith, said support having aninlet passage communicating with the carbureter and terminating adjacentthe plane of the top of said heating chamber and being equipped adjacentits upper end with obliquely set deflector blades.

7. A vaporizing device for hydrocarbon enginesromprising a casing formedwith .1 central chamber having at its top an outlet and at its bottom aninlet communicating respectively with the. intake passage of the engineand the carbureter, said casing being also formed with an annularheating chamber surrounding the outer lower portion only of said centralchamber and the wall between said central chamber and said heatingchamber being relatively thin, the casing wall around said centralchamber above said annular heating chamber having its outer surfaceexposed to the atmosphere, and helically inclined deflector bladesarranged adjacent the inlet to said chamber to. produce a spiral columnof carbureted mixture extending directly from said inlet to said outlet,said central chamber being enlarged and unobstructed between saiddeflecting means and the outlet of such chamber.

8. A vaporizing device according to claim 7 in which the central chamberis formed in a casing member having an upper section arranged with itsouter surface exposed to the atmosphere and having a lower innersection, and in which a lower casing member surrounding said lower innersection of said first-mentioned casing member and extending outwardlytherefrom is arranged to provide an annular recess constituting theheating chamber.

9. A vaporizing device according to claim 7 in which the central chamberis formed in an upper and inner casing member, and in which a lowercasing member surrounding said upper member and extending outwardlytherefrom arranged to provide anannular recess constituting the heatingcham her, said inner member being of reduced thickness opposite saidrecess.

10. A vaporizing device according to claim 7 in which the centralchamber is formed in an upper and inner casing member, and in which alower casing member surrounding said upper member and extendingoutwardly therei'rom is arranged to provide an annular recessconstituting the heating chamber, said inner member being formed with ascrew-threaded annular block arranged to engage a screw-threaded orificeformed at the bottom or" said outer member.

11. A vaporizing device according to claim 7 in which the centralchamber is to "med in an upper and inner casing member, and in which alower casing member surrounding said upper member and extendingoutwardly thereri om is arranged'to provide an annular recessconstituting the heating chamber, said inner member being formed with ashoulder adapted to cooperate with the upper adjacent face of said lowermember and also formed with a screwthreaded annular blocl' arranged toengage a screw-threaded orifice formed at the bottom said inner memberto clamp said members together.

12. A vaporizing device for hydrocarbon engines comprising casingmembers formed with a carburctcd mixture passage including an upperunheated portion and a lower tubular inlet portion and an annularcollecting chamber SUI'IOURCllDg said inlet portion of c arburetedmixture, whereby liquid particles 111 the mixture will emergetangentially from such column and impinge upon the wall of the unheatedupper portion of the passage and drain into said heated collectingchamber.

KIRK D. HOLLAND.

